Research Article

ETHNO - RELIGIOUS RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION AND PROPERTY INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM KADUNA, NIGERIA

1 Department of Estate Management, Kaduna State University, Kafanchan Campus, Kaduna
* Corresponding author: joshua.adama@kasu.edu.ng
Published: Dec, 2021
Pages: 141-150
Views: 52
Downloads: 16

Abstract

This research primarily focused on the performance of real estate investment in the ethnoreligiouslysegregatedresidential property markets of Kaduna State, Nigeria. It conducted acomparative analysis of the performance of residential property investment in Northern andSouthern areas of Kaduna metropolis for a period of 10years (2011-2020), focusing on rentaland capital values appreciation, average return and risk adjusted return.The property typesconsidered include 2-bedrooms, 3-bedrooms and 4-bedroom semi-detached bungalows. Fromthe findings of the study residential properties in Barnawa shows a greater annual mean returnof 23.55% compared to 21.72% for residential properties in UngwanRimi. On the basis of riskprofile, residential properties in Barnawa have a standard deviation (risk) of 8.57% which isslightly better than 8.70% for residential properties in UngwanRimi. Applying the coefficient ofvariation also known as risk-to-reward ratio, residential property investment in Barnawa stilloutperforms residential property investment in UngwanRimi with coefficients of variation of0.36 and 0.41 respectively, the study concludes that the results are not unconnected to themigration of people and businesses southward, resulting from the ethno-religious crisisbedevilling the area for the last four decades. The study recommends that government at alllevels should provide enabling environment for investments to thrive and ensure the protectionof lives and properties to attract investors.

References

  1. Adama, J. U., Aghimien, D. O. &Fabunmi, C. O. (2018). Student Housing in Private Universities in Nigeria: Influencing Factors and Effect on Academic Performance. International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability, 5(1), 12-20. DOI: 10.11113/ijbes.v5.n1.242.
  2. Adefemi and Gaskiya, 2001 Adefemi, I., and Gaskia, J. (2001): Ethnic Groups and Conflicts in Nigeria: The South-South Zone of Nigeria, Ibadan, The Lord's Creations Redbrick Building, Vol. 3, Pp.51-59.
  3. Adegoke, O.J. (2009). "A Study of Performance of Residential Property Investment Relative to Security Investment in Lagos Metropolis" Ife Journal of Environmental Design and Management, Vol. 2 No 2 pp. 49-53
  4. Ajayi CA (1998). Property Investment Valuation and Analysis. De-Ayo Publications, Ibadan. Nigeria
  5. Amadason, B. O. (2004). Ethno-Religious Crisis and Forced Migration in Kaduna. Unpublished B.Sc. Thesis. Department of Geography, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, pp. 29-30.
  6. Amidu, Aluko, Nuhu& Saibu (2008) Amidu, A. Aluko, B.T., Nuhu, M.B. and Saibu, M.O. (2008). "Real Estate Security and Other Investment Assets: A Comparison of Investment Characteristics in the Nigerian Stock Markets", Journal of Property Investment andFinance, Vol. 26 No2, pp. 151-161
  7. Bello (2003) Bello, O.M. (2003). Comparative Analysis of the Performance of Residential Property Investment and Investment in Securities in Lagos Nigeria. Journal of the Nigerian Institution of Estate Surveyors and Valuers, Vol.26 (1): pp. 7-14.
  8. Brueggman et al, 1984 Brueggman, W., Chen, H. and Thibodeau, G. (1984). "Real Estate Investment Funds: Performance and Portfolio Considerations" AREUEA Journal (fall) pp. 333-354.
  9. Dandien, D. P. and Ozigi, M. (2008). Ethno-Religious Crises and Transformation in Kaduna. Journal of Administrative Studies and Social Sciences. Vol.1 Issue No. 1.
  10. Elong, C. (2019). Ethno-Religious Residential Segregation in Kaduna Metropolis. Unpublished B.Sc. Thesis. Department of Estate Management, Kaduna State University,Kafanchan Campus, Kaduna, Nigeria.
  11. Gambo, Y.L. and Omirin, M.M. (2012). Ethno Religious Conflict and Settlement Pattern in Northern Nigeria.Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences.Vol. 3 (3) Accessed from www.mcser.org/images/stories/2journal/mjss-september2012/y.l. gambo 20m on 15-02-15.
  12. Gandu, Y.K. (2011). Historical and Contemporary Basis for Sectarian Residential Settlement Patterns in Kaduna Metropolis of Northern Nigeria. In: MAWAZO. The Journal of the College of Humanities and Social Sciences. Makerere University. Vol.10 No.3 September 2011.
  13. Giliberto, M.S. (1990)." Equity Real Estate Investment Trusts and Real Estate Returns", The Journal of Real Estate Research, summer1990.
  14. Hastings, Adam and Hans Nordy (2007). "Benefits of Global Diversification on a Real Estate Portfolio." The Journal of Portfolio Management, Special Real Estate Issue, 2007.
  15. Hoesli and Lizier, C. (2007). Real Estate in the Investment Portfolio, A Report Prepared for the Investment Strategy Council of the Royal Ministry of Finance.
  16. Ibbotson, R.G. and Siegel, L.B. (1984), "Real Estate Returns: A Comparison with other Investments", Real Estate Economics, Vol. 12 No. 3, pp. 219-242.
  17. Mayhew, S. (1992). Oxford Dictionary of Geography. Accessed from [http://www.answers.com/topics/residential_differentiation](https://www.google.com/search?q=http://www.answers.com/topics/residential_differentiation) on the 07-07-14.
  18. McAllister, P. (2000). "Is Indirect Investment in International Property Markets Justifiable", Property Management, Vol. 18 No. 1 pp. 25-33.
  19. Mudashir, I. (2013). How Crises Created 'Makka' and 'Jerusalem' in Kaduna, Daily Trust, February21, 2013: 4
  20. Newell, G. and Hsu, W.P. (2007). "The Significance and Performance of Retail Property in Australia", Journal of Property Investment and Finance, Vol. 25 Iss: 2 pp. 147-165.
  21. Newell, G. and Matysiak, G. and Ven-Rowland P. (1997). "Do Property Company Shares Perform the Same Way as the Property Market" Research Findings. The RICS.
  22. Newell, G., Chau, K.W. and Wong, S.K. (2004). "The Level of Direct Property in Hong Kong Property Company Performance", Journal of Property Investment and Finance, Vol. 22 No. 6 pp. 512-532.
  23. Newell, G., Chau, K.W. and Wong, S.K. (2009). "The Significance of Chinese Commercial Property in an Asian Property Portfolio" Journal of Property Investment and Finance, Vol. 27 No. 2 pp. 102-119.
  24. Newell, G.,Chau, K.W., Wong, S.K. and McKinnell, k. (2005). "Dynamic of Direct and Indirect Real Estate in China", Journal of Real Estate Portfolio Management, Vol. 14 pp. 203-224.
  25. NIESV (2020). Updated List of Registered Firms as at December, 2020. Accessed 25/12/20 at [http://www.firms.niesv.org.ng/niesv_firm_by_location.php](https://www.google.com/search?q=http://www.firms.niesv.org.ng/niesv_firm_by_location.php) firm_location1=Kaduna
  26. Olaleye, A. andAjayi, C.A. (2009). "Property Performance and Management Practice in Lagos Metropolis: An Empirical Study", Ife Journal of Environmental Design and Management, Vol. 2 No 1 pp. 9-19
  27. Olaleye, A. Adegoke O.J. and Oyewole M.O. (2010). A Comparative Analysis of the Investment Features of Real Estate and Stocks in Nigeria. Real Estate and DevelopmentEconomics Research Journal, (2)1, 149-69.
  28. Oluwole A.O. (2014). "Pattern of Residential Mobility in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria". Pakistan Geographical Review, Vol. 69, No. 1,PP 46-61
  29. Philip, M. B. (2000). A Study of the Effects of the Kaduna Religious Crisis on the Spatial Distribution of Population. Unpublished B.Sc. Thesis. Department of Geography, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. Pp. 35-40.
  30. Purokayo and Gadbo (2013) Purokayo, S.G. and Gabdo, Y. (2013). Implications Environment Security-Related Factors as Determinants of Residential Mobility in Jimata-Yola, Nigeria. International Journal of Arts and Commerce Vol. 2, No. 2.
  31. Wendt and Wong, 1965 Wendt P.F, and Wong,S.N. !(1965)." Investment Performance: Common Stock VsAppartment Houses" Journal of Finance
  32. Yakubu, A. A., Adegboye, R. T., Ubah,C. N. and Dogo, B. (2005): Crisis and Conflict Management in Nigeria, Nigerian Defence Academy Book Series No.1Vol. 1&2, Kaduna, Nigerian Defence Academy, Pp 477- 481
  33. Zerbst, H.R. & Cambon, B.(1984). "Historical return on Real Estate Investment" Journal of Portfolio.
How to Cite

Ugbede, A. J., Christopher, E., & Khalifah, A. A. (2021). ETHNO - RELIGIOUS RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION AND PROPERTY INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM KADUNA, NIGERIA. Kaduna State University Environmental Sciences Journal, 2(2), 141-150. https://doi.org/10.66884/kesj.2021.14mbt2m5

A. J. Ugbede, E. Christopher, and A. A. Khalifah, "ETHNO - RELIGIOUS RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION AND PROPERTY INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM KADUNA, NIGERIA," Kaduna State University Environmental Sciences Journal, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 141-150, December 2021. doi: 10.66884/kesj.2021.14mbt2m5

Share this article:
Facebook X / Twitter LinkedIn