Research Article

Hydro-chemical Characterization of Domestic Wastewater Quality using Nemerow Pollution Index and Geo Accumulation Index within Greater Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.

Ezra Lekwot VIVAN1*, Vivien Chikogu AMESO2, Henry OJOBO3, Mercy Tabi OBASI1, Deborah Osayie ABASHIYA1, Andesikuteb Yakubu ALI4, Mohammed Tukur YAKUBU5
1 Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Kaduna State University, Nigeria
2 Department of Water Sanitation and Environmental Management, National Water Resources Institute, Mando, Kaduna State, Nigeria
3 Department of Architecture Faculty of Architecture Kaduna State University, Kaduna State, Nigeria
4 Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Bingham University, Karu, Nigeria
5 Savanna Forestry Research Station, Samaru, Zaria, Kaduna State
* Corresponding author: ezrav540@gmail.com
Published: Dec, 2025
DOI: 10.66884/kesj.2025.0w1ddtkh
Pages: 229-245
Views: 99
Downloads: 45

Abstract

Purpose: Water is becoming an increasingly scarce resource and water resources planners and managers are compelled to cogitate any source of water which might be used parsimoniously and efficiently to promote development, in line with this the reuse of treated domestic wastewater for agriculture amongst other uses is currently receiving attention as a reliable water source. This study was carried out to characterize wastewater, determine its pollutant load index, contributing factor and also to generate data on wastewater management in Greater Jos metropolis.

Design/methodology/approach: The field survey method was adopted with collection of wastewater samples from 660 representative households was channeled into detention basin and then discharged into drainages. The sample collection and laboratory analysis were carried out within 2 weeks for a research period of 4 years, and a range of water quality parameters were measured and compared with NESREA discharge limits.

Findings: Laboratory, Nemerow’s pollution index and Geo accumulation index values indicated that Total Suspended Solids, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Total Phosphate, Ammonia, Oil and grease, total and feacal coliform in the wastewater samples were quite high and have exceeded the maximum discharge limits of NESREA.

Research limitations/Implications: Since domestic wastewater is not treated before release into the environment in developing countries, it may lead to eutrophication in receiving water bodies and also create environmental conditions that aid spread of waterborne pathogens of toxin-producing cyanobacteria which have effects on plants when used for irrigation.

Practical Implications: To regulate the discharge of domestic wastewater into receiving freshwater bodies and the environment in general, regular monitoring and appropriate legislations are necessary.

Keywords

Domestic wastewater Geo accumulation index Nemerow’s pollution index contributing factors.

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How to Cite

VIVAN, E. L., AMESO, V. C., OJOBO, H., OBASI, M. T., ABASHIYA, D. O., ALI, A. Y., & YAKUBU, M. T. (2025). Hydro-chemical Characterization of Domestic Wastewater Quality using Nemerow Pollution Index and Geo Accumulation Index within Greater Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.. Kaduna State University Environmental Sciences Journal, 5(2), 229-245. https://doi.org/10.66884/kesj.2025.0w1ddtkh

E. L. VIVAN, V. C. AMESO, H. OJOBO, M. T. OBASI, D. O. ABASHIYA, A. Y. ALI, and M. T. YAKUBU, "Hydro-chemical Characterization of Domestic Wastewater Quality using Nemerow Pollution Index and Geo Accumulation Index within Greater Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.," Kaduna State University Environmental Sciences Journal, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 229-245, December 2025. doi: 10.66884/kesj.2025.0w1ddtkh

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